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human milk oligosaccharides

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): Benefits, Uses, and How to Choose the Right Formula

What Are Human Milk Oligosaccharides? Human Milk Oligosaccharides, or HMOs, are complex carbohydrates in vast quantities in human breastmilk and constitute the third most frequent solid component.  Although HMOs are not digestible directly by infants, they play an important function of stimulating good gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, to help break down the nutrients at […]

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What Are Enzyme Substrates?

Enzyme Substrates 101: Everything You Need to Know for Biochemical Studies

What Are Enzyme Substrates? An enzyme substrate is any substance upon which an enzyme acts to catalyze biochemical reactions and is necessary for various biological processes ranging from metabolism and digestion to DNA replication and cell signaling.  Enzymes are highly effective proteins that can reduce the activation energy requirement of chemical reactions so that reactions […]

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Buy Sugar Nucleotides

Sugar Nucleotides: Understanding Their Role in Glycoscience

What Are Sugar Nucleotides? Sugar nucleotides — sugar molecules attached covalently to nucleotides through covalent bonds – play an integral part in cell metabolism as glycolipid, glycoprotein and complex carb precursors such as glycoconjugates. Nucleotides like ATP, UTP CTP or GTP provide energy required in biochemical reactions while monosaccharides or complex sugars act as building […]

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Glycoprotein vs Proteoglycan

Proteoglycan vs Glycoprotein: The Complexities of Carbohydrate Protein Interactions

Proteoglycans and glycoproteins are integral to the intricate world of cell biology. Both contribute key roles to maintaining critical biological functions, are cellular building blocks, and are fundamental structures in cell communication. Macromolecules are complex carbohydrate-protein complexes that are essential in signaling and cell communication. They are an integral part of the extracellular matrix (ECM). […]

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