Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate

Calcium D-saccharate is the calcium salt of saccharic acid, also known as glucaric acid. Calcium D-saccharate has been evaluated for chemopreventive activity in a rat tracheal epithelial cell following exposure to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. Addition of calcium D-saccharate to sugarcane juice during liming enhanced clarification as high molecular weight components were removed by filtration. 

Potent ?-glucuronidase inhibitor. Stimulates differentiation and suppresses proliferation. Shows chemopreventive and antitumor effects in vivo. Orally active.

Calcium D-glucarate is the calcium salt form of D-glucaric acid. D-Glucaric acid is an end product of D-glucuronic acid metabolism in mammals that has also been found in fruits and vegetables and has anticancer activity. It is produced by the oxidation of D-glucuronic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the ?-glucuronidase inhibitor D-glucaro-1,4-lactone (D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone) in vivo. Dietary administration of calcium D-glucarate (10% w/w) reduces tumor growth in a rat model of mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Urinary D-glucaric acid levels have been used as a marker for xenobiotic-induced phase II metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or individuals exposed to environmental toxicants.

Calcium Saccharate is the calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property. One of the key processes in which the human body eliminates toxic chemicals as well as hormones (such as estrogen) is by attaching glucuronic acid to them in the liver and then excreting the complex in the bile. When beta-glucuronidase breaks the bond, it prolongs the stay of the hormone or toxic chemical in the body. Elevated beta-glucuronidase activity has been implicated to be associated with an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Therefore, supplementing calcium glucarate may suppress the developments of hormone-dependent cancers.

A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate, also known as D-saccharic acid calcium salt, is a white crystalline substance. It is a chelating agent that forms stable complexes with metal ions and is used in various fields of research and industry. In this paper, we will explore the definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions of Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate.

Definition and Background:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate is a chemical compound that is synthesized from D-saccharic acid and calcium hydroxide. It has a molecular weight of 320.26 g/mol and a melting point of 100-108 ?C. It is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate is a white crystalline powder that is hygroscopic. It has a pH of 6.5-7.5 and a specific gravity of 1.76. It is stable in air and decomposes at temperatures above 200 ?C.

Synthesis and Characterization:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate can be synthesized by reacting D-saccharic acid with calcium hydroxide. The reaction is carried out in the presence of water, and the resulting compound is purified by filtration and drying. The compound can be characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as IR and NMR.

Analytical Methods:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate can be analyzed by various analytical methods such as HPLC, GC-MS, and spectrophotometry. These methods are used to determine the composition, purity, and identity of the compound.

Biological Properties:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has been shown to have antioxidant properties and to stimulate the immune system. It has also been found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities. Studies have shown that it may have potential applications in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has been found to be non-toxic in animal studies. It has a low acute toxicity, and no adverse effects have been observed in chronic toxicity studies. It has been approved by regulatory agencies such as the FDA for use in food and pharmaceutical products.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has various applications in scientific experiments. It is used as a chelating agent to form stable complexes with metal ions. It is also used as a buffer in biochemical and biophysical experiments. Additionally, it is used in the synthesis of nanoparticles and as a catalyst in organic reactions.

Current State of Research:

Research on Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate is ongoing, and new applications and properties are being discovered. Recent studies have focused on its potential use as an anticancer agent, its effect on insulin secretion, and its role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has significant potential implications in various fields of research and industry. It can be used in drug delivery systems, as a stabilizer in food and cosmetic products, and as an additive in agriculture to improve soil fertility. It is also used in the manufacturing of ceramics, glasses, and batteries.

Limitations:

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has limitations in its use. It is only soluble in water, limiting its use in organic solvents. It is also prone to hydrolysis, which reduces its stability in the presence of water.

Future Directions:

Recent research on Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate has identified several future directions for its use. These include its potential use as an anticancer agent, its ability to improve insulin secretion, its role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and its use in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Other future directions include its use in drug delivery systems, its potential as a stabilizer in food and cosmetic products, and its application in environmental remediation to remove heavy metal ions. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate in these areas.

In conclusion, Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in scientific research and industry. Its stability, water solubility, and chelating properties make it useful in various fields. Ongoing research continues to uncover new applications and properties, making it an exciting area of study.