α-Gal Lewis X (Galα1-3Glcβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc) 

α-Gal Lewis X (Galα1-3Glcβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc) is a branched trisaccharide combining α-Gal epitope with Lewis X core, naturally occurring in mammalian glycoconjugates and tumor-associated antigens, synthesized as white powder for xenoantigen research, cancer diagnostics, and immunology. This structure (Gal α1-3 linked to Glc β1-3(Fuc α1-4)GlcNAc) elicits strong anti-Gal antibody binding while mimicking selectin ligands, aiding in studies of inflammation, metastasis, and xenotransplantation rejection; commercially available >90% pure via enzymatic synthesis, stable lyophilized at -20°C for multi-year use, with key roles in pathogen adhesion inhibition and glycan array standards.

Appearance

• White to off-white amorphous powder or lyophilized solid.
• Highly water-soluble (>50 g/L); no distinct melting point reported.

Source

• Endogenous in porcine/xenogeneic tissues, human tumors, and select mucins.
• Microbial/enzymatic production using fucosyl-/galactosyl-transferases on Lewis X acceptors.

Molecular Weight and Structure

• Molecular mass 489.47 g/mol, formula C₁₉H₃₄NO₁₅ (core trisaccharide).
• Galα1-3Glcβ1-3(Fucα1-4)GlcNAc with branched α-Gal on reducing GlcNAc arm.

Sugar Specificity

• Recognized by anti-α-Gal IgM/G, DC-SIGN, and selectins via Galα1-3 and Fucα1-4.
• Cleaved by α1-3 galactosidases and α1-4 fucosidases from Bifidobacterium spp.

Biological Activity

• Triggers hyperacute rejection in xenotransplants; promotes tumor metastasis via E-selectin.
• Inhibits bacterial adhesion (e.g., H. pylori); modulates inflammation and α-Gal syndrome.

Purity and Microbial Contamination

• 90-95% by NMR/HPLC; endotoxins <10 EU/mg.

• Pathogen-free, heavy metals < ICH limits, moisture <5% lyophilized.

Identity and Quality Control

• ¹H-NMR for linkage confirmation; MALDI-TOF MS for mass; HPAEC for purity.
• Monosaccharide analysis by GC-MS; COA per batch.

Shelf Life and Storage

• 2-3 years at -20°C lyophilized under argon.
• Short-term at 4°C; protect from moisture/hydrolases.

Applications

• Xenograft antigen standards, cancer biomarker assays, selectin inhibitors.
• Glycan microarrays, vaccine design, anti-metastatic therapeutics.

Key Characteristics

• Acid-stable to stomach; colonic utilization; dual epitope for precise targeting.

Citation Links

• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22806751
• https://www.elicityl-oligotech.com/xeno-antigens/447-xeno-lewisx–a-gal-lewisx.html
• https://www.amerigoscientific.com/xeno-lewis-x-gal-lewis-x-grafted-on-bsa-item-488928.html
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6194003/
• https://www.vulcanchem.com/product/vc212695
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271034/
• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/22806751
• https://www.qa-bio.com/product/alpha1-3-gal-standard/
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7583601/
• https://glycosmos.org/structure/alpha-Gal-LewisX