Galα1-3Glcβ1-3GlcNAc

Galα1-3Glcβ1-3GlcNAc (α1,3-galactosylated lacto-N-biose I) constitutes a rare branched trisaccharide variant in mammalian glycans, synthesized enzymatically as a white powder for advanced glycan research, xenoantigen analogs, and lectin specificity studies. Featuring terminal α-Gal on the type 1 chain GlcNAcβ1-3Glc core (distinct from common type 2 α-Gal epitope), it binds anti-Gal antibodies with moderate affinity while serving as substrate for bacterial galactosidases, aiding in microbiome and inflammation research; purity >98% via HPLC/NMR, with applications in glycoarrays, vaccine design, and cancer glycomimetics, it demonstrates gastric stability and selective Bifidobacterium utilization for SCFA production, backed by structural analyses and biosynthetic pathways.

Appearance

• White amorphous lyophilized powder, odorless.
• Water solubility >200 g/L; stable in neutral pH.

Source

• Minor component in porcine mucins and engineered glycans; absent in humans.
• Biosynthesized using α1,3GT on lacto-N-biose I (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) acceptors in vitro.

Molecular Weight and Structure

• ~485.4 g/mol (monosodium salt), formula C₁₈H₃₂N₂O₁₅.
• α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-GlcpNAc linear with type 1 disaccharide.

Sugar Specificity

• Recognized by anti-α-Gal Abs and GS-I B4 lectin via terminal Galα1-3.
• Hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

Biological Activity

• Modulates immune responses as xenoepitope mimic; prebiotic potential.
• Inhibits selectin-mediated adhesion in inflammation models.

Purity and Microbial Contamination

• ≥98% HPLC; endotoxins <10 EU/mg.
• Moisture <6%; heavy metals per USP.

Identity and Quality Control

• ¹³C-NMR for anomeric C1 (α-Gal ~100 ppm); LC-MS [M-H]- 484.
• Enzymatic monosaccharide release assay.

Shelf Life and Storage

• 36 months at -20°C lyophilized.
• Desiccated; avoid >60% RH.

Applications

• Glycan microarray standards; xeno-transplant research.
• Lectin binding assays; probiotic screening.

Key Characteristics

• Type 1 chain specificity; enhanced α-Gal immunogenicity.
• Colonic fermentation profile.

Citation Links

• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/489-52-1
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271034/
• https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672149/
• https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.746883/full
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271034/
• https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2024/sc/d4sc01348d
• https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbic.202400026
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7554730/
• https://www.chemimpex.com/collections/life-science-glycoscience-trisaccharides
• https://www.tcichemicals.com/US/en/p/G0488
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8974695/
• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/489-52-1