LNnT

• White to off-white amorphous hygroscopic powder.
• Ultra-high water solubility >800 g/L; clear solutions pH 6-8.

Source

• 8-12% total HMOs mature human milk; 4-6% colostrum.
• Microbial fermentation: β4GalT1/β3GnT2 engineered E. coli.

Molecular Weight and Structure

• 707.63 g/mol, formula C₂₆H₄₅NO₂₁ (CAS 13007-32-4).
• Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc type 2 chain tetrasaccharide.

Sugar Specificity

• B. bifidum/longum β3GnTase/β4GalTase (Km 0.2-0.8 mM).
• Precursor Leˣ (FucT3), sLeˣ (ST3Gal4); DC-SIGN ligand.

Biological Activity

• 3-5x Bifidobacterium growth; ETEC/rotavirus inhibition 75-90%.
• ZO-1/claudin upregulation; NEC risk reduction 45-65%.

Purity and Microbial Contamination

• ≥99% HPLC/NMR; lactose <0.3%, LNT <0.5%.
• Endotoxins <10 EU/g; total aerobes <10 CFU/g.

Identity and Quality Control

• ¹H-NMR β-linkages verified; [α]D +33°→+27° mutarotation.
• LC-MS [M+H]⁺ 708.25; HPAEC Gal:GlcNAc:Glc 2:1:1.

Shelf Life and Storage

• 60 months 25°C/60%RH sealed; indefinite -20°C.
• Hygroscopic—desiccated nitrogen storage.

Applications

• Infant formula HMO (0.8-1.5 g/L); synbiotic formulations.
• Microbiota research; barrier function therapeutics.

Key Characteristics

• Type 2 HMO scaffold; Bifido-selective distal colon targeting.
• Gastric-stable pH 2.5-9; Leˣ/sLeˣ universal precursor.

Citation Links

• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/121853
• https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1418097.htm
• https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/resources/compositional-guidelines/lacto-n-neotetraose
• https://www.medchemexpress.com/lacto-n-neotetraose.html
• https://www.fda.gov/media/100020/download
• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/21670519
• https://www.elicityl-oligotech.com/…/621-lacto-n-neotetraose…
• https://glycosmos.org/structure/LNnT
• https://www.cd-bioglyco.com/lacto-n-neotetraose
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacto-N-neotetraose