UDP-Xyl.2Na

UDP-Xyl.2Na

UDP-D-Xyl, Uridine 5?-diphospho-a-D-xylopyranoside

UDP-Xyl.2Na (Uridine Diphosphate Xylose disodium salt) is a nucleotide sugar involved in the biosynthesis of various glycans, including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and hemicellulose in plant cell walls. Xylose is a five-carbon sugar that plays a critical role in both plant and animal glycosylation processes.

Structure & Properties:

• Molecular Weight (MW): Approximately 566 g/mol (depending on specific form and substitutions)
• Chemical Formula: C14H22N2Na2O17P2 (approximate)
• Synonyms: UDP-xylose disodium salt, UDP-D-xylose
• Functional Groups: UDP-Xyl consists of uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to D-xylose, a pentose sugar.

Biological Role:

• Biosynthesis Pathway: UDP-Xyl is synthesized from UDP-glucose through an enzymatic process that involves the decarboxylation of the glucose moiety. It serves as a sugar donor in various glycosylation processes.
• Function: UDP-Xyl is crucial in transferring xylose residues to growing glycan chains. This process is essential for the formation of glycosaminoglycans in animals and hemicellulose in plant cell walls.

Applications:

• Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Biosynthesis: In animals, UDP-Xyl is a critical donor in the formation of the xylose-based linkage regions of proteoglycans, which are fundamental components of the extracellular matrix, including heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate.
• Hemicellulose Biosynthesis: In plants, UDP-Xyl is involved in the biosynthesis of hemicellulose, which contributes to the structural stability and rigidity of plant cell walls.

Significance in Research:

• Extracellular Matrix Research: Studying UDP-Xyl is important for understanding the assembly of GAGs, which are crucial for tissue integrity, cellular communication, and wound healing in animals.
• Plant Cell Wall Biology: Research on UDP-Xyl contributes to understanding hemicellulose biosynthesis, which affects plant growth, biomass production, and resistance to pathogens.

Key Roles:

• Proteoglycan Synthesis: UDP-Xyl initiates the formation of the linkage region in proteoglycans, vital for the structural and functional properties of the extracellular matrix in animals.
• Plant Cell Wall Formation: In plants, UDP-Xyl is required for the synthesis of hemicellulose, which plays a key role in maintaining cell wall integrity and supporting plant growth.

Storage and Stability:

• Storage: UDP-Xyl should be stored at -20°C in a moisture-free environment for optimal stability.
• Stability: The compound is stable under these conditions but may degrade if exposed to heat, moisture, or light.

Research Applications:

• Glycobiology: UDP-Xyl is used in research to study the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and hemicellulose, with implications for understanding cell wall formation in plants and the extracellular matrix in animals.
• Biotechnology: It is used in synthetic biology for engineering cells to produce specific glycan structures for therapeutic and industrial applications.

Potential Impact:

• Agriculture and Bioenergy: Understanding and manipulating UDP-Xyl’s role in plant cell wall biosynthesis could lead to the development of crops with enhanced growth characteristics, biomass yield, and resistance to environmental stress.
• Therapeutic Development: Research into UDP-Xyl’s involvement in proteoglycan biosynthesis can lead to the development of new therapies for connective tissue diseases and other conditions related to extracellular matrix dysfunction.

Conclusion:

UDP-Xyl.2Na is a key nucleotide sugar involved in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans in animals and hemicellulose in plants. Its role in these biosynthetic pathways makes it a critical molecule for research in plant biology, extracellular matrix biology, and therapeutic development.

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