dTDP-D-Man (dTDP-D-mannose)

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  • Molecular Weight (MW): Approximately 548 g/mol (depending on specific form)
  • Chemical Formula: C16H26N2O15P2
  • Synonyms: dTDP-D-mannose, thymidine diphospho-D-mannose
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Description:

dTDP-D-Man (dTDP-D-mannose) is a nucleotide sugar consisting of thymidine diphosphate (dTDP) linked to D-mannose, a six-carbon sugar. This molecule plays a crucial role in various biosynthetic pathways, particularly in the synthesis of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and glycolipids. dTDP-D-Man serves as a sugar donor in glycosylation reactions, contributing to the construction of important glycan structures in different organisms.

Structure & Properties:

  • Molecular Weight (MW): Approximately 548 g/mol (depending on specific form)
  • Chemical Formula: C16H26N2O15P2
  • Synonyms: dTDP-D-mannose, thymidine diphospho-D-mannose
  • Functional Groups: Characterized by a mannose sugar unit, a common aldohexose, linked to thymidine diphosphate (dTDP).

Biological Role:

  • Biosynthesis Pathway: dTDP-D-mannose is synthesized from D-glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions that convert dTDP-D-glucose into the mannose form, involving isomerization and reduction steps.
  • Function: dTDP-D-Man acts as a mannose donor in glycosylation processes, facilitating the addition of mannose residues to growing glycan chains in the synthesis of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.

Applications:

  • Bacterial Glycobiology: dTDP-D-Man is an important substrate in bacterial systems, where it contributes to the formation of surface glycans such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and exopolysaccharides, which play roles in bacterial virulence and immune evasion.
  • Fungal and Plant Glycobiology: In fungi and plants, dTDP-D-mannose is involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall components, such as mannans and other mannose-rich polysaccharides.

Significance in Research:

  • Pathogen Glycan Diversity: dTDP-D-mannose is involved in the synthesis of diverse glycan structures, which are critical for pathogen-host interactions and immune system evasion in bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
  • Therapeutic Targeting: Targeting the biosynthetic pathways of dTDP-D-mannose in pathogens can lead to the development of novel antibacterial and antifungal therapies.

Key Roles:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Biosynthesis: dTDP-D-Man is involved in the construction of LPS in Gram-negative bacteria, influencing the structural integrity and function of the bacterial outer membrane.
  • Exopolysaccharide and Capsule Formation: It also contributes to the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and capsules, which are important for bacterial protection, biofilm formation, and evasion of the host immune response.

Storage and Stability:

  • Storage: dTDP-D-mannose should be stored at -20°C in a moisture-free environment for optimal stability.
  • Stability: The compound is stable under these storage conditions but may degrade when exposed to heat, moisture, or light.

Research Applications:

  • Glycan Engineering: dTDP-D-Man is used in synthetic biology and glycobiology research to create mannose-containing glycans for studying glycosylation pathways and microbial virulence mechanisms.
  • Vaccine and Drug Development: The role of dTDP-D-mannose in glycan biosynthesis makes it a potential target for vaccines and therapeutics aimed at preventing infections caused by mannose-utilizing pathogens.

Potential Impact:

  • Antibacterial and Antifungal Strategies: Inhibiting enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-D-mannose may weaken the cell wall integrity of pathogens, providing a basis for developing new antimicrobial strategies.
  • Synthetic Glycans: dTDP-D-Man can be utilized in the design of synthetic glycans for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, particularly in research related to microbial glycosylation.

Key Research Areas:

  • Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis: dTDP-D-mannose-containing glycans are involved in the pathogenicity of bacteria and fungi, making them a focal point in research on microbial virulence and immune evasion.
  • Enzyme Inhibition: Studying the enzymes responsible for generating dTDP-D-mannose can lead to the discovery of enzyme inhibitors that disrupt glycan synthesis in pathogens.

Conclusion: dTDP-D-Man (dTDP-D-mannose) is a crucial sugar nucleotide involved in the biosynthesis of glycan structures in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Its role in glycosylation and the formation of important glycoconjugates makes it a key molecule in research on microbial virulence, glycan diversity, and immune evasion. Understanding its biosynthesis and function offers valuable insights into developing novel therapeutic interventions for infectious diseases and advancing glycan engineering efforts.

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Size

15 MG, 25 MG, 5 MG

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