Xylitol

Xylitol

Xylitol (CAS No. 87-99-0) is a sugar alcohol widely used as a sweetener and food additive. It is particularly valued for its lower caloric content compared to sucrose and its potential dental health benefits.

Chemical Properties

• CAS Number: 87-99-0
• MDL Number: MFCD00064292
• EINECS: 201-788-0
• Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂O₅
• Molecular Weight: 152.15 g/mol
• Boiling Point: 215–217°C
• Melting Point: 94–97°C
• Flash Point: 261.9°C
• Density: 1.515 g/cm³

Description and Appearance

Xylitol is typically found as a white crystalline solid or powder. It is classified as a polyol, specifically an alditol, and is derived from xylose, a sugar obtained from wood and other plant materials. The name “xylitol” comes from the Greek word “xylon,” meaning wood, reflecting its natural sources.

Production Methods

Xylitol can be produced through various methods, including:

• Hydrogenation of Xylose: This involves extracting xylose from lignocellulosic biomass (like hardwoods) and then hydrogenating it using a Raney nickel catalyst.
• Fermentation: Xylose can also be fermented by certain microorganisms, such as Candida tropicalis, although this method is less common due to higher costs.

Applications

Xylitol is used in a variety of products:

• Food Industry: As a sugar substitute in chewing gums, candies, and baked goods due to its sweetness (similar to sucrose) and lower caloric content.
• Dental Care Products: It is included in toothpaste and mouthwashes for its potential to reduce cavity-causing bacteria.
• Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics: Utilized for its humectant properties in topical formulations.

Health Considerations

Xylitol is generally recognized as safe for human consumption; however, excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea. It is important to note that xylitol is toxic to dogs, leading to potential health risks if ingested.

Storage Recommendations

Xylitol should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture to maintain its stability and prevent clumping.

In summary, xylitol is a versatile sugar alcohol with significant applications in food production and health-related products, offering both sweetness and potential health benefits while being mindful of its effects on pets.

Citations:

1. https://www.ottokemi.com/specsheet/xylitol-for-biochemistry-99.aspx
2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Xylitol
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol
4. https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/225985000
5. https://foodcom.pl/en/xylitol-its-properties-and-use-in-industry/
6. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI%3A17151
7. https://www.glentham.com/en/products/product/GC3694/
8. http://www.phexcom.com/Content/pdf/xylitol.pdf