Galα1-3Glcβ1-3GlcNAc

Galα1-3Glcβ1-3GlcNAc  (α1,3-galactosylated lacto-N-biose I) constitutes a rare branched trisaccharide variant in mammalian glycans, synthesized enzymatically as a white powder for advanced glycan research, xenoantigen analogs, and lectin specificity studies. Featuring terminal α-Gal on the type 1 chain GlcNAcβ1-3Glc core (distinct from common type 2 α-Gal epitope), it binds anti-Gal antibodies with moderate affinity while serving as substrate for bacterial galactosidases, aiding in microbiome and inflammation research; purity >98% via HPLC/NMR, with applications in glycoarrays, vaccine design, and cancer glycomimetics, it demonstrates gastric stability and selective Bifidobacterium utilization for SCFA production, backed by structural analyses and biosynthetic pathways. Appearance White amorphous lyophilized powder, odorless. Water solubility >200 g/L; stable in neutral pH. Source Minor component in porcine mucins and engineered glycans; absent in humans. Biosynthesized using α1,3GT on lacto-N-biose I (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) acceptors in vitro. Molecular Weight and Structure ~485.4 g/mol (monosodium salt), formula C₁₈H₃₂N₂O₁₅. α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-GlcpNAc linear with type 1 disaccharide. Sugar Specificity Recognized by anti-α-Gal Abs and GS-I B4 lectin via terminal Galα1-3. Hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Biological Activity Modulates immune responses as xenoepitope mimic; prebiotic potential. Inhibits selectin-mediated adhesion in inflammation models. Purity and Microbial Contamination ≥98% HPLC; endotoxins <10 EU/mg. Moisture <6%; heavy metals per USP. Identity and Quality Control ¹³C-NMR for anomeric C1 (α-Gal ~100 ppm); LC-MS [M-H]- 484. Enzymatic monosaccharide release assay. Shelf Life and Storage 36 months at -20°C lyophilized. Desiccated; avoid >60% RH. Applications Glycan microarray standards; xeno-transplant research. Lectin binding assays; probiotic screening. Key Characteristics Type 1 chain specificity; enhanced α-Gal immunogenicity. Colonic fermentation profile. Citation Links https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/489-52-1 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271034/ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10 https ://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4672149/ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-biosciences/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.746883/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2271034/ https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2024/sc/d4sc01348d https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbic.202400026 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7554730/ https://www.chemimpex.com/collections/life-science-glycoscience-trisaccharides https://www.tcichemicals.com/US/en/p/G0488 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8974695/ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/489-52-1